Abstract

A researcher wants to study the role of media of Pakistan in freedom of speech of Lahore district. Each individual has some inborn basic rights, which he and she enjoys no matter, where, he and she lives or what his and her material or social status is, the ability to freedom speech and expression is one of those rights. As said by Newseum, in 1997 that “Freedom of speech is guaranteed, and protected by the first amendment, of the United-States constitution”. Connotations, of the freedom of speech have a varied, in different eras of history. There are parts of bills of rights in 1st amendment forbids national, government from restricting freedom of expression, in this article the author looks into the phenomenon of ‘Freedom of Speech’ within Lahore..

Key Words:

Freedom of Speech, Constitution, Amendment, civilized Community, Freedom of     Expression

Introduction

Freedom of speech is like an individual who has right to write, say, and express what the person (he or she) believes. The freedom of speech gives open stage to discuss or debate. Pakistan of every citizen has a right, to freedom of expression or speech, and also freedom of pres. So in the reasonable concern for the respectability of Islam, friendly relation with, security of Pakistan, foreign states  and are because to morality, public order, to contempt of court, if  any restriction, are imposed by law.(Article 19 Constitution of  Pakistan , 1973).

Media is the important source to get entertainment, education and information. Media is like a part of our life and particularly in our general public where individuals depend on it. Normally, the freedom of speech is taken as nation that for every individual has a right to speech his and her mind and share also opinions without any body involvement, threat and any restrictions or censorships but in situation of freedom of expression   is quite different situation on media. So the Pakistani media is mostly free from any limitation or obligation, apart from ethical and moral duties.

The freedom of expression and speech  therefore may not be recognized as being absolute and, common limitation or restriction or boundaries to relate the freedom of speech with criticism, defame, indecency, gender entertaining, affectation, defended by word need , set data, copyright infringement, exchange privileged insights, food labeling , non-revelation understandings, the privilege to protection, poise, the option to be overlooked, open security, and prevarication. Supports for such incorporate the damage standard, ( Mill, 2016) , (Bradshaw, 2017) which recommends that: "the main reason for which force can be legitimately practiced over any individual of civilized community against, his will, is to prevent harm to another person 

Freedom of speech doesn’t give to one side to talk or distribute uninhibitedly without 'obligation'. Duty of media naturally increments in a nation like Pakistan where there is a urban direction of the press and an exceptionally poor proficiency rate. In various systems media has been constrained by lawful and protected methods. It is guaranteed that the restriction is placed so as to maintain a strategic distance from issues like loathe discourse, profanity and slander. We have to recognize good, legitimate and social duty. In the Pakistani society in some cases it is disregarded and in some cases it is secured and this circumstance continues moving with various conditions.

This study will be conducted to investigate the role of media in freedom of speech, how negatively or positively it plays its role and influences the society.

Problem Statement 

Researcher want to explore how media giving opportunities to common people to avail   freedom of speech?

Background of Study 

The freedom of speech and expression has  lengthy past that creates  before present day worldwide, human right tools. It’s believed the ancient Athenia, democratic principle of have grown in free speech the late sixth or mid fifth century BC. Th. estimates of ability to freedom of speech and religion in  Roman Republic (Earley, 2009). The idea of freedom of speech is identify in earlier bases of human right document The 1986, England bill of rights legally, established the constitutional, right to freedom of speech parliament, which is still in force. “I expect you (journalists) to be completely fearless.” (Quaid and the press, 1947), Media society of Pakistan can’t appreciate and thank Quaid enough for his goal. In Constitution of Pakistan  Article 19  honours that  the freedom of speech and expression of every citizen of Pakistan have equal right  . “How media and judiciary are important pillars of any society. Media change perceptions and thinking style of people of society about politics and it has a power to affect decisions instantly. Media of any country reflects the society of that country.” ( Naseer , Katib, & Ejaz, 2010). So, media is obliged to act carefully and responsibly

Since Pakistan is an ideological state, and Islam being, the state of religion, we  have to jump  deep into Islamic literature to perceive what does it say, about, this fundamental  human right, and to know ,whether Islam impede or energize the ability to freedom of speech . In his research paper topic was,  Freedom of expression from the Islamic point of view, Jallow Ay says, that According to the lessons of Islam and Islamic law there is no space for concealment and mistreatment. The Holy Quran, and the Sunnah, of the prophet Muhammad (SAW) which are the two generally noticeable and essential source of Islamic law, support and maintain the freedom of expression. It is constrained just when it is utilized for hampering, the reason for uncovering reality (AY, 2015).

As indicated by Islamic way of thinking the target of freedom of speech is to upswing adoration, acknowledgment and social soundness so as to ensure a serene conjunction. The ability to freedom of speech, in Islam is limited just when it is blasphemous and lethal, for the social order. There is no single Ayah, in the Holy Quran that compel the freedom of expression, rather the Quran motivates the individuals to discuss, matter directly, and transparently, object, acknowledge or dismiss thoughts and perspectives (AY, 2015). 

Articles 19 of the charter of human right said that everyone has the right to freedom of expression and opinion ,that includes receive and  impart information, freedom of express on  opinion without any interference and to seek , and idea through any medium and regardless of borders.

Constitution  of Pakistan 1973  article 19 said that  “every citizen shall have right to freedom of expression and speech , and freedom of press  shall be restrict on some subject imposed by law in the integrity ,  interest of  glory of Islam , defence of Pakistan security , or any part thereof , public order , friendly relation with foreign countries , contempt of cout , decency or morality and incitement to an offence  ” (AY, 2015).

Objective

1. Evaluate the role of media in freedom of speech in our society

2. Study how media of Pakistan provoke the concept of freedom of speech?

3. Investigate if freedom of media in Pakistan a blessing or a disguise?

Research Significance

It is proved by many researchers that media is the main tool in any society that reflects the society. The main findings of this research can be proved useful for the people who need any kind of information related to role of media in freedom of speech or it is important for those political workers or media personals that need to work on this issue. It can also be useful in making a literate and well decision making society. This research will also help in doing further research on this issue.

Literature Review

A researcher  want to examined  the   role of media of Pakistan in freedom of speech and the Lahore area based survey conduct .The data are accessible on different kind of websites, like books articles etc . Additional we discus given below;

Liaquat et.al (2016) were examined that  the freedom of expression on a myth and a reality of Pakistani. A scholars want to investigate the  freedom of expression in nation .There aim were to identify  the actors and factors that  can  the contribute   and support to recover  the condition  in this setting .In this study a scholars were applied qualitative approach and conducted on Sindh and Punjab province .In this study the scholars conclusion  that  freedom of speech and expression is sure the all residents of Pakistan though with limitation  that take in, law and order , glory of Islam and nation security .The limitation has abused against various  group of people  like minorities, columnists, human rights activists, etc . It has been seen that misuse is resulting, in pilling up of cases, like, missing people, target  killings and  blasphem. An exhaustive appraisal demonstrated that there is a critical need to address uncertainty about specific provisions in the Constitution to keep away from any misuse. Additionally, an exhaustive meaning of freedom of speech  should be redrawn and conveyed to the majority with the goal that they probably won't misconstrue it as an opportunity to ignore others' religions, observations, perception, and opinion (Liaquat, Qaisrani, & Khokhar , 2016).

Iftikhar et.al (2019) were examined the impact of PECA-2016 Provisions on freedom of speech; a case study of Pakistan. So Scholars want to investigate on freedom of speech system in Pakistan .It additionally gives the inside and out diagram of PECA-2016 and examinations the impact of specific arrangements of PECA-2016 on the practice of freedom of speech, cyberspace for example, internet  and whether these, provinces promote or hinder the right to freedom of speech . In this study a scholars were applied qualitative approach from document analysis. The Result were  shows that certain provision  of PECA need more protects to tie down access to quality examination and quality information including, Special right to freedom of speech, freedom  of human rights both, on the internet  and offline . Thus, it is recommended to strategy creators to improve or cancel the current status of PECA-2016 on need premise (Khan, Tehrani, & Iftikhar, 2019).

Javaid et.al (2019) were examined the freedom of speech; infringement of women right in pakistan. So The right of freedom of speech given the chance to those women to share their feeling and  above all else the astuteness which may vest in any one regardless, of the sex. The feeling might be of resemblance, and dis similarity. It also, empower women  to absolute words  on their favour ;for their select privileges of legacy, opportunity of marriage, job ,living and the various which are safeguarded, by the constitution of Pakistan and other subordinate, laws. The Freedom of speech is the fundamental right connected with every other right. In the event that somebody claim his right firstly, he would enjoy, the right of speech to express his, views and claim his titles. Suppression of right of the freedom, of speech would be. Suppression, all rights . This paper analysis the legislation, general practice identified with the infringement of women rights and talk about the remedies on the infringement of the ability to freedom of speech in Pakistan. Further, examine about on the religious perspective ( Ramzan, Javaid, Iqbal, & Buksh, 2019).

Theoretical Frame-work

The libertarian theory was presented by Schramm, Siebert, Peterson in 1956. There were four theories of press in which Social responsibility , authoritarian , soviet communist and last one libertarian theories . 

Liberalism theory  basically which mean the info is the knowledge and the knowledge is become the authority or power. It’s totally fee from any control, any authority, and restriction. It is also idea of a person (individual) or constrained government which isn't destructive to another. Here  are some  qualities of  Libertarian  theory; media  can give  authentic base or truth base  ,information  or data  without any restriction and limitation , everyone  can express their thought and  opinion openly  on media  and  it is also check the corruption of state authorities and also  the government . There are some weaknesses of libertarian theory; sometime media, do not act responsible and also sometime media is harm, individual privacy.

So the researcher related  libertarian theory with  their study role   of Media of Pakistan in freedom of speech. so in this study a researcher want to investigate that everyone and every individual have to right to make a decision to improve their circumstance, on their own initiative   and also have right speak and give opinion on any circumstance rather than to follow some   tradition and typical system and they do no give to right to speak your own thought.

Research Questions

Does Pakistani media is free to telecast reality?

Does  Pakistani media raise the voice of helpless people?

Does Pakistani  media looks bias in many issues?  

Does social media giving a person chance to speak up on any issue?

Research Methodology 

 It is a process in which a researchers findout the result of problem by using different kind of tool and techniques. It is conducting in research to data collection. 

Research Design 

A researcher wants to find data and information with the help of survey method. A researcher to collect data  to identify the actually role of media in freedom of speech Pakistan . 

Sampling 

A researcher choose survey method on the role of media in freedom of speech in Pakistan in Lahore city .Basically survey research is used to gather public opinion. 

A researcher select random sampling to collect their data on Lahore city .

Sample size 

The total sample size of total of media in freedom of speech in Pakistan , Lahore area is 100 but only 73 respondent give the  response .A researcher select male and female  gender on their sample and age  limit  19 to 35 .

Statistical Analyzes   

A researcher choose a software to examine their statistical martial are in  sample form of percentage through  percentages analyze .

Research Tool 

A researcher develop total 15 question for collect the data   below the their objective and research question .A researcher arrange their question in multiple choose because a researcher get the data  from their audience in informative form and unbiased  method .

Result Presentation

Media is a Source of Knowing the Reality 



Graph: 1-show that 28.8% respondents are agree, 8.2% respondents strongly disagree, 27.4% respondent are neutral but 19 .2% respondent are disagree on media is a source of knowing the reality.

Media Is Like an Opportunity for Common People to Freedom of Speech 



Graph:2- show 39.7% respondent are agree , 12.3% respondents are strong agree , 24.7% respondent are neutral , 20.5% respondent are disagree but only 2.7% Respondent  are strongly disagree  on media is like an opportunity  for common people  to freedom of speech .

Social Media gives Power to Everyone to Speak Freely 



Graph: 3 – Show  that social media gives power to everyone to speak freely on that statement 37% Respondent are agree but 34.2% Respondent  are strongly agree , 15.1% Respondent  are disagree , 12.3% Respondent  are neutral and only 1.4% Respondent are strongly disagree

Is Pakistani Media is Biased?



Graph:4- Show  that   38.4% Respondent are agree on Pakistani media is biased but 30.1% Respondent strongly 

agree , 21.9% Respondent are neutral , 5.5% Respondent are strongly  disagree and only 4.1%  Respondent are disagree.

Pakistani Media Working under Pressure.



Graph: 5- Show that   37% Respondent are agree on Pakistani media is working under pressures but 35.6% Respondent are strongly agree , 19.2% Respondent are neutral ,  6.8% Respondent are disagree and only 1.4% Respondent strong disagree.

Is Pakistani Public have Freedom of Speech?



Graph:6- Show that   39.7%  Respondent are agree on Pakistani public have freedom of speech but  23.3% Respondent are disagree , 17.8% Respondent  neutral , 11% Respondent are strongly agree  and only 8.2% Respondent are strongly disagree.

Talk show gives the chance to every political party to clear their view in fount of public 



Graph:7 – Show that   41.1%  are Respondent , 21.9% Respondent are both neutral and disagree but 9.6 % Respondent are strongly agree and only 5.5 % Respondent are strongly disagree on  talk show give a chance  to every political party to clear their view in fount of public .

Media Houses has only Concern with their Business than Showing the Reality 



Graph:8 – Show that   49.3% Respondent are strongly agree on media houses has only concern  with their business than showing the reality but 23.3% Respondent  agree , 16.4% Respondent  are neutral , 6.8% Respondent are strongly disagree but only  4.1 % Respondent are disagree 

Political Parties or other Pressure Groups use Media to make a Favorable Environment for them.



Graph: 9 -  Show that   42.5% Respondent are strongly agree on political parties or other pressure groups use media to make a favorable environment for them but 35.6% Respondent are agree , 16.4% Respondent are neutral  and 2.7 %  for both Respondent disagree and strongly disagree.

Pakistani Media doing a Great Job 



Graph: 10 – Show that   Pakistani media doing a great job  27.4% Respondent are disagree on that statement but

 24.7% Respondent  are neutral , 23.3% Respondent are agree , 16.4% Respondent are strongly disagree and only 8.2% Respondent are strongly agree 

 Pakistani Media always Raise the Voices to Weak People of Society 



Graph:11 -  Show that   35.6% Respondent are disagree but 24.7% people are neutral , 17.8% Respondent are agree , 12.3% Respondent are strongly disagree and 9.6% only Respondent  are strongly agree on Pakistani media always raise the voices to weak people of society.

You Always feel Yourself to Speak up on any Issues ?



Graph:12 -  Show that   31.5%  Respondent agree but 28.8% Respondent are disagree , 21.9% Respondent are neutral , 15.1% Respondent are strongly agree  and only  2.7% Respondent  are strongly disagree on  you always feel yourself to speak up on any issues.

Does Pakistani Media is allowed to Broadcast Reality ?



Graph: 13 -  Show that   32.9% Respondent  are neutral on Pakistani media is allowed to broadcast reality but

26% Respondent are disagree , 21.9% Respondent are agree , 11% Respondent are strongly disagree and only 8.2%  Respondent are  strongly agree .

Are Media Regulatory Bodies able to Operate freely and Independently?



Graph:14- Show that   34.2% Respondent are neutral on media are regulatory bodies able to operate freely and independently but 30.1% Respondent  are disagree on it , 20.5% Respondent agree , 8.2% Respondent strongly agree and only 6.8% Respondent are strongly disagree 

Do the basic Laws and other Constitution Provide Freedom of Expressions?



Graph:15 – Show that   the 45.2% Respondent are agree on  basic laws and other constitution provide freedom of expression  but 32.9% Respondent are neutral , 11% Respondent are strongly agree , 9.6% Respondent  are disagree and only 1.4% Respondent are strongly disagree .

Research question Analyze 

Racially the first research question  that Pakistani media is free to telecast reality while second is that  the Pakistani media raise the voice of helpless people while third is Pakistani  media looks bias in many issues while fourth is social media giving a person chance to speak up on any issue. A researcher want to data analyze  and recheck  and  match with our result.

Does Pakistani media is free to telecast Reality?



Graph:16-  Show that   32.9% Respondent are neutral on Pakistani media is free to telecast reality but 26% Respondent are disagree , 21.9% Respondent are agree , 11%  Respondent  are strongly disagree and only 8.2%  Respondent are are  strongly agree .

Does Pakistani Media Raise the Voice of Helpless People?



Graph:17-  Show that   35.6% Respondent  are disagree on Pakistani media raise the voice of helpless people

 but 24.7% Respondent are neutral , 17.8% Respondent are agree , 12.3% Respondent are strongly disagree and 9.6% only Respondent are strongly agree .

Does Pakistani Media looks bias in many Issues?  



Graph:18- Show that   38.4% Respondent are agree on Pakistani media looks bias in many issues but 30.1% Respondent strongly agree , 21.9% Respondent are neutral , 5.5% Respondent are strongly  disagree and only 4.1%  Respondents are disagree.

Does Social Media giving a Person chance to Speak up on any Issue?



Graph:19 – Show that   social media giving a person chance to speak up on any issue on that statement 37%

Respondents are agree but 34.2% Respondents are strongly agree , 15.1% Respondents are disagree 12.3%

Respondents are neutral and only 1.4% Respondents are strongly disagree.




Discussion about Results

Our research examined about role of media of Pakistan in freedom of speech. Basically the researcher want to gather records then that is why this study select the Lahore city  to collect result.So the result show that  32.9% people are neutral on Pakistani media free to telecast reality but 26% people are disagree  because they think  Pakistani media is not   free to telecast reality, 21.9% people are agree on Pakistani media is free to telecast reality , 11% people are strongly disagree  on Pakistani media are not free to telecast reality and only 8.2%  people are  strongly agree on Pakistani media is free to telecast reality  . Therefore it is prove that Pakistani media is free to telecast reality.

35.6% people are disagree because they think Pakistani media are not raise the voice of helpless people but 24.7% people are neutral on Pakistani media raise the voice of helpless people, 17.8% people are agree on Pakistani media raise the voice of helpless people, 12.3% people are strongly disagree on Pakistani media raise are  not  the voice of helpless people  and 9.6% only people  are strongly agree on Pakistani media raise the voice of helpless people. Therefore it is rejected   Pakistani media do not raise the voice of helpless people.

38.4% people are agree on Pakistani media looks bias in many issues but 30.1% people strongly agree  o Pakistani media looks bias in many issues, 21.9% people are neutral  on Pakistani media looks bias in many issues, 5.5% people are strongly  disagree on Pakistani media looks bias in many issues and only 4.1%  people are disagree on Pakistani media looks bias in many issues. Therefore it is prove Pakistani media looks bias in many issues

social media giving a person chance to speak up on any issue on that statement 37% people are agree but 34.2%  respondents are strongly agrees , 15.1% respondents are disagree on social media giving a person chance to speak up on any issue, 12.3% respondents are neutral about social media giving a person chance to speak up on any issue  and only 1.4% respondents are strongly disagree on social media giving a person chance to speak up on any issue. Therefore it is prove social media giving a person chance to speak up on any issue.

Researcher related their studies to Liaquat et.al . Scholar was also did studies on Iftikhar et.al (2019) were examined the impact of PECA-2016 Provisions on freedom of speech; a case study of Pakistan. So Scholars want to investigate on freedom of speech system in Pakistan .It additionally gives the inside and out diagram of PECA-2016 and examinations the impact of specific arrangements of PECA-2016 on the practice of freedom of speech, cyberspace for example, internet  and whether these, provinces promote or hinder the right to freedom of speech . In this study a scholars were applied qualitative approach from document analysis. The Result were  shows that certain provision  of PECA need more protects to tie down access to quality examination and quality information including, Special right to freedom of speech, freedom  of human rights both, on the internet  and offline . Thus, it is recommended to strategy creators to improve or cancel the current status of PECA-2016 on need premise.

How and why it is important to let media of Pakistan work as a companion of freedom of speech and play its role in it. In a conservative society like a Pakistan it is significant to support the expression Freedom of speech because it gives and supports a vast variety of thoughts, different perceptions must be welcomed to the society so that Pakistan can open mindedly more towards development road.  Pros and Cons of Freedom of speech must be kept in mind by media before uses this expression.

Conclusion

This study is aim to find the role of media of Pakistan in freedom of speech. Basically the researcher collect the records then that is why this study choose Lahore city to get the result , so researcher proved that there is not role of media in freedom of speech on Pakistan. There is a steady growth of media in Pakistan which gives social and psychological gratification to the audience. Free media is a watchdog over the state and government institutions. Media of Pakistan is ought to have many other moral obligations also because of the religion and conservative society. However, media is keeping an eye of every doings and wrongdoings of their government and institutes. Every individual always have a choice to decide between good and bad and so does the journalists. These right includes speak, write, share, doing research, get and disseminate information and ideas with responsibility. Information by the media should be given to the society of all sorts regardless of any boundaries. But there are always limitations and restrictions to it. Freedom of speech should always be exercised with care along with respect for rights or reputations of other. When everything exceeds it becomes dangerous and so is this freedom. There is no accountability of some of the media sectors itself. Anyhow despite the negative factors, media has given enough awareness to people that they have started asking questions to their government. It is considered as a major responsibility of media personals to safeguard national security, public order, and keep the morals high.

Basically researcher develops four research question like Pakistani media is free to telecast reality. This research question statement is accepted through mostly respondents are neutral  on it . This research question is accepted Next research question is    Pakistani media raise the voice of helpless people and mostly respondents are the disagree, because they  think that Pakistani media do not do their   responsibilities   for example  a famous show  eidi sub k liye  hosted by fiza ali  ,the show recoding at bahira town Islamabad  but during recoding the  holding stand colapased and  many people get injured . No media channel speak on it , they all kept silence because malik riaz  a rich man who could handle all the situation with his money.  And this research question is rejected. Next research question is Pakistani media looks bias in many issues and  38.4%  mostly respondents said that in many issues of Pakistani media always show biases on it for example if you saw the news channel  like geo news channel  they always show good image of  PML N Nawaz sharif , they never give unbiased news about  Nawaz sharif  on their channel  and this research question  is accepted . The last research question is social media giving a person chance to speak up on any issue and 37%  mostly respondents said that social media is only platform where every individual    express  their feeling, give opinion  on   issues and this research question  is accepted. Researcher concluded in this study liberalism theory is not prove because Pakistani media they are bias on many situation or issues and they also do not raise the voice of weak people. 

Suggestions

• Parma should ban those Pakistani media channel who sensationalism thing for rating and advertisement 

• Pakistani Media should highlight human rights violence.

• Pakistani Media should raise the voice of common people. 

• Freedom of speech should not be used to defame any group or individual.

• Pakistani media should stop obeying the power and money.

• Pakistani Media should know its responsibilities to represent the public .

• Here is need to build the small groups where every person can share his thoughts .

• The freedom of speech in Pakistan must be within limit granted by the concerned institution as well as constitution of Pakistan .

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